Want to work at NASA? Here's what you need to do

For many students, working at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) represents a blend of scientific aspiration and real-world impact. Whether the interest stems from planetary research, aerospace design, robotics, or data science, NASA remains one of the most sought-after institutions for those passionate about space exploration and innovation.

While direct employment at NASA is limited to United States (US) citizens, students from across the world can build careers in NASA-partnered labs, contribute through collaborative research, or work at organisations that operate within its ecosystem. With early planning and the right academic direction, the path becomes more structured than it might appear at first glance.

Know what NASA actually hires for
NASA’s workforce spans far beyond astronauts and rocket engineers. It includes planetary geologists, materials scientists, climate researchers, User Experience (UX) designers, data analysts, and software developers. From Earth science missions to deep-space probes, the agency relies on professionals with technical depth and interdisciplinary thinking.

Students aiming for roles aligned with NASA’s work should understand the wide variety of departments and missions under its umbrella. Reading NASA’s open-access research papers, following mission updates, or browsing job profiles on its official site can help identify focus areas and required qualifications.

Start with strong STEM foundations
The academic journey starts in secondary school. Students interested in careers in aerospace, planetary science, or systems engineering should prioritise subjects like physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science, and biology. In addition to classroom learning, participation in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) competitions, science fairs, or international Olympiads can build a strong foundation.

Learning to code, engaging with early robotics, or exploring astronomy as a co-curricular interest allows students to develop problem-solving skills that are transferable across multiple space-related domains.

Choose undergraduate programs that encourage research
NASA hires candidates with solid academic and research experience, often at the graduate or postdoctoral level. For undergraduate studies, students should aim to attend universities that prioritise lab exposure, interdisciplinary coursework, and project-based learning.

Relevant majors include:

• Aerospace or Mechanical Engineering
• Physics or Astrophysics
• Planetary Science or Geology
• Computer Science or Artificial Intelligence
• Earth and Environmental Science
• Robotics or Systems Engineering

What matters most is not the university’s brand alone but the student’s ability to apply knowledge in research contexts. Engaging in undergraduate research assistantships, publishing in journals, or working on faculty-led projects helps students prepare for more advanced roles in the field.

Explore global fellowships and NASA-linked research centres
Although permanent roles at NASA are only available to US citizens, international students can contribute in significant ways. Some US universities and research labs receive NASA funding and offer graduate positions or internships on NASA-affiliated projects.

Top universities with strong NASA connections include:

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• Stanford University
• California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
• University of Colorado Boulder
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• University of Michigan
• Johns Hopkins University (Applied Physics Lab)

Graduate students in these institutions often work on NASA-funded research involving planetary imaging, flight hardware, astrobiology, data visualisation, and mission planning.

Students can also track opportunities like the NASA International Internship Program (I²), which occasionally partners with other countries’ space or education agencies to host global participants. Though competitive and limited, such programmes reflect NASA’s interest in expanding its global collaboration footprint.

Build a credible academic and research profile
NASA values applicants who demonstrate curiosity, research skills, and collaborative experience. Regardless of nationality, students should begin building their research credentials early. Publishing in undergraduate research journals, contributing to space-related coding projects, and participating in global hackathons such as NASA’s Space Apps Challenge are useful ways to gain visibility.

Being active in academic communities, whether through presenting at conferences, joining student chapters of professional bodies like American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), or attending seminars, helps students build both expertise and network access.

Follow international collaborations and evolving space ecosystems
NASA often works in collaboration with other international agencies such as the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Global missions like Artemis, NISAR, and Mars Sample Return involve multi-country coordination and create indirect roles in academia, engineering firms, and policy institutes across the world.

Students who stay updated on these partnerships and develop cross-disciplinary skillsets including policy, ethics, and environmental science position themselves well for both direct and adjacent roles in the space sector.

For students thinking long-term
Those aiming for long-term careers in NASA-adjacent roles often pursue graduate education in the United States, Europe, or increasingly, in research-focused institutions in India. Many begin with master’s degrees or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programmes at universities that have strong aerospace or planetary science departments and later join postdoctoral projects funded by NASA or its collaborators.

Along the way, they develop technical portfolios, gain mentorship from established researchers, and often work on published missions or instrument development. A long-term focus on academic excellence, collaboration, and real-world application increases visibility in NASA-aligned networks, even for international students.

Working at NASA may begin as a personal dream, but turning it into a professional goal requires academic planning, scientific curiosity, and consistent effort over several years. For students who ask thoughtful questions, value research over recognition, and see science as a collaborative journey, space agencies like NASA offer a path worth pursuing.